More and more poison that causes harm to babies is being sprayed onto food.
A biomonitoring study has revealed that the toxic weedkillers dicamba and 2,4-D were found in all 10,0037 pregnant participants during 2010 to 2012, and that the levels of those herbicides in pregnant women has increased between 2020 to 2022.
2,4-D can cause decreased head circumference in infants, deficits in auditory processing in infants, oxidative stress, while dicamba can cause abnormal cell division and growth, increased risk of birth defects in male offspring, increased risk of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer, according to the researchers in the ‘Introduction’ section.
“100% of the pregnant study participants had 2,4-D detected in their urine in both the 2010–2012 cohort and the 2020–2022 cohort,” the study said in the ‘Discussion’ section.
Not only was 2,4-D detected in all women in the earlier cohort, dicamba increased significantly in the later cohort.
“…the proportion of women with dicamba detected in their urine is significantly higher in the more recent cohort,” the study said in the ‘Results’ section. “Though 2,4-D concentration levels increased, the difference was not significant.”
The results are particularly alarming as just 1.4 percent of 400 urine samples obtained from the U.S. general population from 1976 to 1980 had quantifiable dicamba detected, according to the study said in the ‘Introduction’ section.
The researchers quantified the increases in herbicide exposure seen over the last decade.
“The proportion of pregnant individuals with dicamba detected above the LOD significantly increased from 28% (95% CI: 16%, 40%) in 2010–2012 to 70% (95% CI: 60%, 79%) in 2020–2022, and dicamba concentrations also significantly increased from 0.066 μg/L (95% CI: 0.042, 0.104) to 0.271 μg/L (95% CI: 0.205, 0.358). All pregnant individuals from both cohorts had 2,4-D detected. Though 2,4-D concentration levels increased, the difference was not significant (p-value = 0.226),” the study said in the ‘Abstract’ section. “Reliance on herbicides has drastically increased in the last ten years in the United States, and the results obtained in this study highlight the need to track exposure and impacts on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.”
The study was conducted via analyzing frozen urine samples collected in the U.S. Midwest during the growing season (April to October) from 2010 to 2012 as part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be project. These results were then compared to samples from a decade later.
“The current study used 61 samples collected in the first trimester from women enrolled in nuMoM2b from 3 of the study sites located in the Midwest as part of a smaller nested case–control study (Indiana University, Case Western University/Ohio State University, and Northwestern University),” the study said in the ‘Materials and Methods’ section. “Specifically, cases were selected as participants in which any of the following occurred: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, spontaneous preterm birth, gestational diabetes, stillbirth, or fetal demise < 20 weeks. Cases were matched to controls by participant characteristics such as age and smoking status. For the more recent cohort, samples of urine collected in 2020–2022 from pregnant individuals in their first trimester enrolled in the Heartland Study from Indiana were collected. Although the Heartland Study is ongoing, the earliest available 91 samples were analyzed for pesticide concentrations in the analysis.”
The study also chronicled the general use of herbicides over the last 30 years and how those levels dramatically increased over time.
“The commercial launch of genetically engineered, glyphosate-tolerant soybean and cotton varieties in 1996 and corn in 1998 initiated a transformation in weed management systems in the US. The so-called “Roundup Ready” (RR) system simplified herbicide-based weed management systems and was highly effective [1],” the study said in the ‘Introduction’ section. “From 1991 to 2010, the percentage of soybean and corn acres treated with glyphosate-based herbicides in the Midwest went up 30-fold and 20-fold, respectively [2]. Widespread and repeated applications of glyphosate-based herbicides over time triggered the emergence and spread of multiple glyphosate-resistant weeds [3,4]. As glyphosate efficacy waned, additional herbicides were needed to target glyphosate-resistant phenotypes.”
The researchers went on to detail where we are now as a result of massive herbicide reliance.
“By 2010, multiple glyphosate-resistant weeds had become an economic problem on many farms. The pesticide –seed industry responded by engineering soybean and cotton cultivars to tolerate post-emergence, “over the top” applications of additional herbicides that could be used in conjunction with glyphosate-based herbicides within the RR seed system [5],” the study said in the ‘Introduction’ section. “The majority of soybean and cotton seeds sold in the US are now genetically engineered to tolerate combinations of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and the “fop” chemical family of ACCase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor herbicides. As a result, reliance on dicamba and 2,4-D has risen 10-fold or more compared to 2010 [6].”
https://www.mdpi.com/2813-3145/3/1/5
The researchers concluded by discussing how future research looking for the genetic mutations of children born to pesticide-ridden mothers can advance the understanding of the true impact these chemicals have on humans.
“The sequencing of DNA from infants born in the study and their parents is a particularly promising next step that will hopefully advance the identification and application of markers of genetic and epigenetic changes stemming from prenatal pesticide exposure. Within one or a few years of exposure, such markers can then be used to identify the presence of impacts known to be associated with neurodevelopmental problems or adult-onset disease. Such insights have the potential to markedly reduce the time required to link prenatal pesticide exposure to a heightened risk of adverse birth and health outcomes, thereby supporting regulatory interventions, when deemed necessary, a decade or more earlier than typically would be the case,” the study said in the ‘Discussion’ section.
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